Analysis of genomic and subgenomic RNAs of nonviable mutant U48C. RNAs were extracted 4, 8, and 12 h after cells were electroporated with in vitro assembled and transcribed Fs, wild-type MHV A59–1000, or U48C genomes and analyzed by RT-PCR or nested RT-PCR. (A) Positive-strand genomic RNA synthesis. (Marker, lane 1) 1-Kb DNA ladder, (Fs) RdRp frameshift mutant. (B) Negative-strand genomic RNA synthesis, with lanes marked as in panel A. (C) Positive-strand (left) and negative-strand (right) synthesis of RNA6; (Mock) Mock-infected cells. (D) Positive-strand (left) and negative-strand (right) synthesis of RNA7, with lanes marked as in panel C.