Table 2.

Associations Between Patient Problem-Solving Scores and Disease Control

	HIV			DM
	CD4	Hospitalizations	ED visits	HbA1c	Hospitalizations	ED visits
	r	ρ	ρ	r	ρ	ρ
HPSS Total Score	0.25*	−0.23*	−0.15	−0.44†	−0.38*	−0.38*
HPSS Subscale Scores:
Effective problem solving	0.09	−0.02	0.0	−0.45†	−0.12	−0.25*
Impulsive/Careless problem solving	0.16	0.19*	0.11	0.15	0.14	0.22
Avoidant problem solving	−0.23*	0.27†	0.16	0.11	0.25*	0.38†
Positive transfer of past experience/learning	0.19	0.02	−0.07	−0.53‡	−0.21	−0.25*
Negative transfer of past experience/learning	−0.22*	0.29†	0.14	0.30	0.38†	0.38†
Positive motivation/orientation	0.12	−0.11	−0.11	−0.54‡	−0.29*	−0.38†
Negative motivation/orientation	−0.26*	0.26†	0.25*	0.30	0.42†	0.34†

r = Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficients. ρ = Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.

DM = diabetes mellitus, ED = Emergency Department, HPSS = Health Problem-Solving Scale.

*P < 0.05.

^†P < 0.01.

^‡P < 0.001.