Table 3.
Physician group | Physician group pairs* | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generalist (n = 5,536) | Hospitalist (n = 11,565) | Academician (n = 5,691) | Hospitalist–Generalist | Academician–Hospitalist | Academician–Generalist | |||||||
Cost | LOS | Cost | LOS | Cost | LOS | Cost | LOS | Cost | LOS | Cost | LOS | |
Unadjusted arithmetic mean | 4,814.3 | 4.4 | 4,613.9 | 3.9 | 3,307.4 | 2.7 | −4.2 | −18.2 | −28.3 | −30.8 | −31.1 | −38.6 |
Adjusted overall† geometric mean | 4,761.3 | 4.3 | 4,402.5‡ | 3.7‡ | 3,333.8§ | 2.6§ | −7.5 | −14.0 | −24.3 | −29.7 | −30.0 | −39.5 |
Gender† | ||||||||||||
Female | 4,854.6 | 4.4 | 4,438.3‡ | 3.8‡ | 3,330.5§ | 2.7§ | −8.6 | −13.6 | −25.0 | −28.9 | −31.4 | −38.6 |
Male | 4,643.3 | 4.0 | 4,365.9‡ | 3.6‡ | 3,343.8§ | 2.6§ | −6.0 | −10.0 | −23.4 | −27.8 | −28.0 | −35.0 |
Insurance† | ||||||||||||
Commercial | – | 4.0 | – | 3.5‡ | – | 2.9§ | – | −12.5 | – | −17.1 | – | −27.5 |
Medicaid | – | 4.2 | – | 3.8∥ | – | 2.7§ | – | −9.5 | – | −28.9 | – | −35.7 |
Medicare | – | 4.4 | – | 3.8‡ | – | 2.6§ | – | −15.8 | – | −31.6 | – | −40.9 |
Severity† | ||||||||||||
1 | 2,694.7 | 2.5 | 2,542.2‡ | 2.2‡ | 2,115.4§ | 1.8§ | −5.7 | −12.0 | −16.8 | −18.2 | −21.5 | −28.0 |
2 | 3,629.2 | 3.4 | 3,339.3‡ | 3.0‡ | 2,534.7§ | 2.1§ | −8.0 | −11.8 | −24.1 | −30.0 | −30.2 | −38.2 |
3 | 5,622.5 | 5.2 | 5,111.8‡ | 4.5‡ | 3,473.1§ | 2.9§ | −9.1 | −13.5 | −32.1 | −35.6 | −38.2 | −44.2 |
4 | 9,543.1 | 6.9 | 8,893.3¶ | 6.8# | 5,731.3§ | 3.7§ | −6.8 | −1.4 | −35.6 | −45.6 | −40.0 | −46.4 |
Year† | ||||||||||||
1 | 4,339.2 | 4.1 | 4,011.7‡ | 3.6‡ | 3,138.0§ | 2.7§ | −7.5 | −12.2 | −21.8 | −25.0 | −27.7 | −34.1 |
2 | 4,610.0 | 4.3 | 4,226.5‡ | 3.8‡ | 3,242.4§ | 2.7§ | −8.3 | −11.6 | −23.3 | −28.9 | −29.7 | −37.2 |
3 | 4,877.0 | 4.3 | 4,610.5** | 3.7‡ | 3,390.5§ | 2.5§ | −5.5 | −14.0 | −26.5 | −32.4 | −30.5 | −41.9 |
4 | 5,311.6 | 4.3 | 4,788.6‡ | 3.7‡ | 3,539.9§ | 2.7§ | −9.8 | −14.0 | −26.1 | −27.0 | −33.4 | −37.2 |
LOS = length of stay
*Percent difference between mean pairs calculated as (Physician1 − Physician2 / Physician2)100.
†Least squares means from general linear model of log-transformed cost and LOS adjusted for age as covariate, gender, insurance, year, all patient refined diagnosis related group (APRDRG), and severity nested in APRDRG. Ethnicity was not significant (P > .05) in cost or LOS model. Insurance was not significant in cost model
‡Hospitalist lower than Generalist at P < .001
§Academician lower than Generalist and Hospitalist each at P < .001
∥Hospitalist lower than Generalist at P = .25
¶Hospitalist lower than Generalist at P = .51
#Hospitalist lower than Generalist at P = .92
**Hospitalist lower than Generalist at P = .12