Table 1.
Selected General and Clinical Characteristics of Participant Included in the Study Sample (n = 1,686) and Participants Excluded (n = 305)
| Characteristic | Included | Excluded | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years; mean (standard deviation) | 77.4 (7.2) | 79.6 (7.9) | <.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 816 (48.4) | 127 (41.6) | .023 |
| Educational level, years; mean (standard deviation) | 5.4 (3.6) | 5.5 (3.6) | .789 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 348 (20.6) | 55 (18.0) | .297 |
| Admitted from nursing home, n (%) | 42 (2.5) | 13 (4.3) | .082 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Former | 671 (39.8) | 133 (43.6) | |
| Current | 176 (10.4) | 39 (12.8) | .119 |
| BMI, kg/m2; mean (standard deviation) | 25.7 (4.6) | 24.5 (4.9) | .004 |
| HAMT score mean (standard deviation) | 8.2 (1.9) | 5.6 (3.8) | <.001 |
| GDS, mean (standard deviation) | 4.9 (3.5) | 4.4 (3.5) | .021 |
| Number of drugs, mean (standard deviation) | 8.2 (5.2) | 9.5 (6.9) | <.001 |
| CIRS score, mean (standard deviation) | 8.4 (4.2) | 10.3 (6.9) | <.001 |
| Number of independent IADL 2 week before admission, mean (standard deviation) | 4.9 (3.5) | 4.5 (4.6) | .022 |
| Discharge diagnostic category, n (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular | 709 (42.0) | 114 (37.4) | .127 |
| Cerebrovascular | 146 (8.6) | 28 (9.2) | .767 |
| Neurological | 115 (6.8) | 12 (3.9) | .058 |
| Pulmonary | 118 (7.0) | 23 (7.6) | .734 |
| Gastrointestinal | 132 (7.9) | 18 (5.9) | .241 |
| Cancer | 67 (4.0) | 30 (9.8) | <.001 |
| Others | 399 (23.6) | 80 (26.2) | .335 |
| Length of hospital stay, days; mean (standard deviation) | 11.2 (6.3) | 14.8 (32.1) | <.001 |
BMI = Body mass index, HAMT = Hodkinson Abbreviated Mental Test, GD = Geriatric Depression Scale, Total Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS)