Table 2.
Potential Risk Factors for New ADL Disability at Hospital Discharge
| Variables | No. of patients | No. of events | Percent | OR (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 65–74 | 693 | 22 | (3.2) | 1 (Reference) |
| 75–84 | 686 | 52 | (7.6) | 2.26 (1.35–3.80)† |
| ≥84 | 307 | 39 | (12.7) | 3.49 (1.99–6.11)† |
| Women | 816 | 63 | (7.7) | 0.86 (0.56–1.27) |
| Married | 890 | 43 | (4.8) | 0.75 (0.50–1.15) |
| Living alone | 348 | 24 | (7.3) | 1.02 (0.66–1.58) |
| Nursing Home resident | 25 | 10 | (40.0) | 7.16 (3.00–17.1) |
| Education <5 yr | 1,268 | 91 | (7.2) | 1.20 (0.72–2.00) |
| Biomarkers and BMI | ||||
| BMI | ||||
| <18.5 | 61 | 9 | (14.8) | 2.67 (1.18–6.03)† |
| 18.5–24.9 | 600 | 32 | (5.3) | 1 (Reference) |
| 25–29.9 | 563 | 18 | (3.2) | 0.65 (0.36–1.17) |
| ≥30 | 229 | 8 | (3.5) | 0.72 (0.35–1.74) |
| Missing | 233 | 46 | (19.7) | 4.04 (2.39–6.83) |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||
| ≤89 | 561 | 34 | 6.1 | 1 (Reference) |
| 90–118 | 560 | 34 | 6.1 | 0.95 (0.57–1.56) |
| ≥118 | 565 | 45 | 8.0 | 1.36 (0.85–2.17) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||
| <0.9 | 552 | 34 | (6.2) | 1 (Reference) |
| ≥0.9 ≤ 1.2 | 474 | 25 | (5.3) | 0.85 (0.49–1.45) |
| >1.2 | 660 | 54 | (8.2) | 1.29 (0.82–2.04) |
| Albumin | ||||
| <3.5 g/dL | 366 | 33 | (9.0) | 1.66 (1.05–2.62) |
| Missing | 294 | 25 | (8.5) | 1.17 (0.67–2.08) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| <160 | 387 | 27 | (7.0) | 1 (Reference) |
| 160–199 | 390 | 22 | (5.6) | 0.87 (0.48–1.57) |
| 200–239 | 363 | 12 | (3.3) | 0.51 (0.25–1.02)† |
| ≥240 | 164 | 8 | (4.9) | 0.80 (0.35–1.81) |
| Missing | 382 | 44 | (11.5) | 1.42 (0.84–2.40) |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ||||
| ≥40 mm/h | 383 | 38 | (9.9) | 1.81 (1.18–2.78)† |
| Missing | 185 | 11 | (5.9) | 1.13 (0.57–2.22) |
| Anemia | 662 | 51 | (7.7) | 1.26 (0.85–1.88) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Acute conditions | ||||
| Acute coronary syndrome | 62 | 4 | (6.5) | 1.06 (0.37–3.02) |
| Congestive heart failure | 318 | 12 | (3.8) | 0.73 (0.46–1.14) |
| COPD | 44 | 4 | (9.1) | 1.20 (0.41–3.48) |
| Pneumonia | 46 | 8 | (17.4) | 2.88 (1.25–6.62)† |
| Stroke | 38 | 14 | (36.8) | 9.05 (4.34–18.9)† |
| Infections | 79 | 3 | (3.8) | 0.54 (0.17–1.77) |
| Chronic conditions | ||||
| Cancer | 187 | 18 | (6.6) | 1.56 (0.91–2.68) |
| COPD | 279 | 22 | (7.9) | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 214 | 24 | (10.3) | 1.42 (0.85–2.36) |
| Coronary heart disease | 494 | 30 | (6.1) | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) |
| Diabetes | 334 | 21 | (6.3) | 1.09 (0.66–1.80) |
| Hypertension | 747 | 45 | (6.0) | 0.87 (0.59–1.30) |
| Parkinson | 34 | 5 | (14.7) | 1.77 (0.64–4.85) |
| Total CIRS score | ||||
| 0–6 | 592 | 27 | (4.6) | 1 (Reference) |
| 7–9 | 507 | 41 | (8.1) | 1.77 (1.06–2.96)† |
| ≥10 | 587 | 45 | (7.7) | 1.63 (0.98–2.71)† |
| Medications | ||||
| Anxiolytics | 350 | 24 | (6.9) | 1.08 (0.67–1.73) |
| Antipsychotic | 77 | 11 | (15.1) | 1.91 (0.94–3.86)† |
| Antidepressant | 138 | 11 | (8.1) | 1.06 (0.54–2.07) |
| No. of drugs | ||||
| 0–4 | 363 | 13 | (3.6) | 1 (Reference) |
| 5–7 | 522 | 23 | (4.4) | 1.14 (0.56–2.30) |
| ≥8 | 801 | 77 | (9.6) | 2.50 (1.35–4.64)† |
| Cognitive and affective status | ||||
| Cognitive decline (HAMT <7) | 355 | 47 | (13.2) | 2.14 (1.41–3.26)† |
| Symptoms of depression (GDS ≥5) | 603 | 32 | (5.3) | 0.94 (0.59–1.48) |
| Functional status | ||||
| History of fall | 199 | 26 | (13.1) | 1.83 (1.13–2.96) |
| Number of independent IADL | ||||
| 7 | 798 | 41 | (5.1) | 1 (Reference) |
| 6–3 | 628 | 31 | (4.9) | 0.86 (0.53–1.39) |
| 2–0 | 260 | 41 | (15.8) | 2.59 (1.61–4.16)† |
CI = Confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CIRS = Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, HAMT = Hodkinson Abbreviated Mental Test, GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale
*Adjusted for age and IADL preadmission functional status
†P < .1