Table 3.

Multivariable Analysis Predicting Hazard of Lower Body Disability Among Nondisabled Older Mexican Americans at Baseline Over a 7-Year Follow-Up (N = 1835)

Independent Variables	Any Lower ADL Limitation HR (95% CI)	Any Mobility Limitation HR (95% CI)	Walking Limitation HR (95% CI)
Diabetes mellitus	2.05 (1.58–2.67)	1.69 (1.39–2.04)	1.46 (1.15–1.85)
Age (each 1-y increase)	1.08 (1.05–1.10)	1.07 (1.05–1.08)	1.07 (1.05–1.09)
Sex (female vs male)	1.24 (0.97–1.58)	1.20 (1.01–1.42)	1.10 (0.90–1.35)
High depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16)	1.18 (0.87–1.59)	1.28 (1.04–1.56)	1.30 (1.01–1.66)
MMSE score (each one-point increase)	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.95 (0.93–0.97)	0.95 (0.93–0.98)
Near vision impairment	1.10 (0.74–1.64)	1.20 (0.91–1.58)	1.17 (0.83–1.65)
Distant vision impairment	1.32 (0.82–2.11)	1.07 (0.75–1.54)	1.18 (0.78–1.79)
Heart attack	1.42 (1.00–2.03)	1.25 (0.96–1.63)	0.96 (0.68–1.36)
Stroke	0.54 (0.24–1.23)	0.77 (0.47–1.25)	0.77 (0.42–1.42)
Hypertension	1.04 (0.82–1.33)	1.11 (0.94–1.31)	1.00 (0.82–1.23)
Arthritis	1.02 (0.80–1.30)	1.10 (0.93–1.31)	0.98 (0.80–1.20)
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)	1.09 (0.85–1.41)	1.22 (1.03–1.45)	1.12 (0.91–1.38)
Hip fracture	1.61 (0.75–3.42)	1.33 (0.75–2.36)	1.28 (0.63–2.60)
Cancer	0.95 (0.53–1.69)	1.15 (0.80–1.67)	1.35 (0.87–2.08)

Notes: Reference categories are given in parentheses.

BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ADL = Activities of Daily Living; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.