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Different types of microneedle arrays and patches. Brightfield micrographs of: (A) an in-plane row with five microneedles, (B) a 50-microneedle patch after assembly of ten in-plane rows into slits of a foam-tape backing, (C) an out-of-plane microneedle array with 50 microneedles, and (D) a 50-microneedle patch assembled by mounting an out-of-plane array onto a foam-tape backing and then affixing a perforated, double-sided adhesive film onto the base substrate between microneedles.
