TABLE 3.

Response to directional mass selection in A_m (ΔA_m) and A_v (ΔA_v) for different values r_A and selected proportions comparing predictions [as prediction errors (predicted minus observed)] with observed responses obtained from Monte Carlo simulation (MC)

		:			:
Selected proportion (%)			Selected proportion (%)
	Method	20	5	1	20	5	1
−0.5	MCa	0.410	0.547	0.630	−0.059	−0.037	0.004
	MR3b	0.004	0.025	0.049	0.001	0.002	0.016
	MR2b	0.006	0.061	0.150	0.000	−0.020	−0.045
	HZb	−0.026	−0.032	−0.020	0.003	−0.004	−0.013
0	MCa	0.422	0.597	0.740	0.031	0.082	0.137
	MR3b	0.002	0.002	−0.011	−0.004	−0.003	0.007
	MR2b	−0.002	0.021	0.059	−0.004	−0.003	0.007
	HZb	−0.002	0.021	0.059	−0.002	0.003	0.018
0.5	MCa	0.434	0.638	0.820	0.110	0.183	0.254
	MR3b	−0.002	−0.021	−0.060	−0.002	−0.008	−0.020
	MR2b	−0.011	−0.010	−0.004	−0.008	−0.001	0.013
	HZb	0.022	0.085	0.169	0.005	0.028	0.064

^aObserved responses obtained from MC simulation: ; ; ; .

^bPredictions: MR3, multiple regressions on P, P², and P³ (see Equation 5); MR2, multiple regressions on P and P² (see Equations 6 and 7); HZ, prediction based on Hill and Zhang (2004).