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. 2007 Mar 27;7:3. doi: 10.1186/1472-6785-7-3

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Copyright © 2007 de Little et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Apparent survival probability of yearling southern elephant seals versus the Southern Oscillation Index and population size. Model-averaged, time-variant estimates of mean apparent survival (ϕ) for yearling southern elephant seals at Macquarie Island plotted as a function of (A) the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) anomaly over the mother's previous foraging trip (January to October) between 1950 and 2001 (high positive values of the SOI anomaly indicate El Niño conditions; high negative values indicate La Niña conditions), and (B) the number of breeding females counted on the isthmus of Macquarie Island that year.