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. 2007 Apr 16;104(17):7039–7044. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702137104

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© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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Fig. 3. — Rescue at constant force. (a) The experiment took two steps: (1) the force was decreased from 20 to 9.5 pN at a rate of 11 pN/s and held constant (black) (the rescue is indicated by a zip), and (2) after the rescue occurred, the force was lowered to 1 pN (black) and then raised to 20 pN to check the folded structure (gray). (b) Time trace of the extension at the rescue force. (c) Histogram of ΔX_rescue in the number of single-stranded nucleotides paired at rescue. (d) Rescue-rate constants (▴) as a function of force. Unfolding (■) and refolding (●) rates of TAR were measured by force jump (19). Unfolding (○) and refolding (□) rates of TARΔb were measured by constant force experiments. The standard deviation of each point is <10% of the mean. Solid lines are best least squares fit to Eq. 1.