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Survival of S. mutans strains UA159 (wild type) (circles) and SM12 (dnaK knockdown) (triangles) after acid challenge. Cells from 48-h biofilms grown on the surface of polystyrene plates were subjected to acid killing in 0.1 M glycine (pH 2.8). Cell viability at each time point is expressed as the percentage of viable cells (CFU ml of culture−1) at time zero. A Student's t test indicated that the differences observed at 60 min were statistically significant (P < 0.001).
