Effects of Rsd on expression from different promoters. The four parts of panel A illustrate measurements of the expression of gadA::lac, gadB::lac, ybaS::lac, and melR::lac fusions during the growth of MC4100 Δrsd::kan cells carrying either pACYC-Rsd (with Rsd; filled squares) or the empty vector pACYC184ΔHN (without Rsd; open squares). Activities were measured at different times (x axes), and the corresponding A650 values of cultures are indicated by the dashed lines. Panel B shows the effects of rpoS disruption on the activity of the melR::lac, gadA::lac, gadB::lac, and ybaS::lac fusions after overnight growth in MC4100 Δrsd::kan cells carrying pACYC-Rsd. The histogram illustrates activities measured in the rpoS-359 mutant strain as a percentage of the activities in cells carrying wild-type rpoS. OD650, optical density at 650 nm.