Table 3 Association of psychological factors with persisting symptoms and disability after 3 months in patients with shoulder pain.

	Persisting symptoms		<30% reduction in disability
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Pain catastrophising (v<20 points), n = 494*
Crude 20–40	1.07	(0.72 to1.60)	1.34	(0.90 to 1.99)
>40	1.19	(0.71 to 2.00)	1.32	(0.79 to 2.19)
Adjusted 20–40	0.97†	(0.63 to 1.50)	1.33‡	(0.88 to 1.99)
>40	0.94†	(0.52 to 1.68)	1.32‡	(0.78 to 2.24)
Distress (v<6 points), n = 515*
Crude 6–12	1.14	(0.66 to 1.96)	1.41	(0.83 to 2.40)
>12	1.13	(0.72 to 1.79)	0.88	(0.56 to 1.39)
Adjusted 6–12	0.76†	(0.42 to 1.38)	1.30‡	(0.76 to 2.24)
>12	0.71†	(0.42 to 1.19)	0.76‡	(0.48 to 1.23)
Somatisation (v<15 points), n = 515*
Crude 15–30	1.08	(0.68 to 1.73)	1.36	(0.85 to 2.15)
>30	2.13	(0.97 to 4.65)	1.70	(0.85 to 3.36)
Adjusted 15–30	0.89†	(0.54 to 1.49)	1.31‡	(0.81 to 2.11)
>30	1.46†	(0.63 to 3.42)	1.49‡	(0.74 to 3.01)
Fear‐avoidance beliefs (v<50 points), n = 509*
Crude 50–75	1.16	(0.78 to 1.73)	1.12	(0.75 to 1.67)
>75	1.16	(0.72 to 1.89)	1.11	(0.68 to 1.79)
Adjusted 50–75	1.22†	(0.79 to 1.88)	1.22‡	(0.81 to 1.83)
>75	1.08†	(0.63 to 1.85)	1.12‡	0.68 to 1.85)

*Incidental missing values on psychological factors;

†Adjusted for baseline pain intensity and duration of symptoms;

‡Adjusted for duration of symptoms.