Figure 2 Patients who entered clinical remission with fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) had increased mucosal bifidobacteria. Mucosal biopsies were collected at baseline and after three weeks of FOS supplementation (n = 10). Mucosal microbiota were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Mean change in mucosal microbiota after FOS in patients who entered clinical remission (n = 4) was compared with those that had persistent disease activity (n = 6). Results are expressed as mean (SD) change in the number of bacteria/mm epithelial surface. Differences were assessed using an independent two tailed Student's t test (*p<0.05).