Figure 3.

Effects of antalarmin treatment (20 mg/kg orally) on adult male macaques' behavior during introduction of two unfamiliar subjects in adjacent cages separated by a transparent Plexiglas plate for 30 min starting 150 min after receiving the drug or placebo in a blind fashion. Every animal was paired with all of the others, thus generating 30 sessions each. Anxiety score (A) totaled the number of occurrences over the 30-min stress period of fear grimacing, audible teeth grinding, body tremors, open mouth expressions, urination, and defecation. Exploration score (B) represented the total number of times an animal approached and played with a toy in his cage or expressed unapprehensive curiosity in the surrounding environment. Masturbation score (C) considered the total number of times a male monkey entertained by sexual manipulation of his penis. n = 6, mean ± SE. *, P < 0.05. Individual values of exploration significantly correlated with those of masturbation (E) (r = 0.409, P = 0.004), and individual aggression scores significantly correlated with those of anxiety (D) (r = 0.457, P = 0.001). After log transformation, the negative correlation between individual anxiety scores and individual exploration scores was statistically significant (F) (r = −0.41, P = 0.013).