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Figure 1 Overview of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and main functions. Arachidonic acid can be metabolised through three major pathways. In the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, each COX‐2 derived prostaglandin (PGI2, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α) or thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has its unique functions. NSAIDs, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; COXIBs, COX‐2 selective inhibitors.
