Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated with metronidazole resistance among paediatric patients not previously treated for Helicobacter pylori infection (n = 831).

Factors	Description	Metronidazole		OR	95% CI	p Value
		susceptible n = 635	Resistant n = 196
Sex	Male	283	91	1
	Female	352	105	0.93	(0.67 to 1.28)	0.647
Age (years)	<6	90	24	1
	6–11	280	87	1.17	(0.70 to 1.94)	0.557
	>11	265	85	1.20	(0.72 to 2.01)	0.480
Country of birth	Western Europe	457	117	1
	Eastern Europe	98	29	1.16	(0.73 to 1.83)	0.538
	Asia, Africa, America and Middle East	80	50	2.44	(1.62 to 3.67)	<10−3
Mother's country of birth	Western Europe	281	72	1
	Eastern Europe	111	33	1.16	(0.73 to 1.85)	0.533
	Asia, Africa, America and Middle East	243	91	1.46	(1.03 to 2.08)	0.035
Country of residence	Northern Europe	23	7	1
	Southern Europe	143	41	0.94	(0.38 to 2.35)	0.898
	Eastern Europe	64	20	1.03	(0.38 to 2.75)	0.958
	Western Europe	405	128	1.04	(0.44 to 2.48)	0.932
Date of investigation	1999	176	55	1
	2000	157	53	1.08	(0.70 to 1.67)	0.728
	2001	167	44	0.84	(0.54 to 1.32)	0.457
	2002	135	44	1.04	(0.66 to 1.64)	0.856
Peptic ulcer	No	596	185	1
	Yes	39	11	0.91	(0.46 to 1.81)	0.785

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

p Value obtained by a univariate logistic model.