Table 4 Univariate analysis of factors associated with clarithromycin resistance among paediatric patients not previously treated for Helicobacter pylori infection (n = 800).

		Clarithromycin		OR	95% CI	p Value
		Susceptible n = 633	Resistant n = 167
Sex	Female	364	76	1
	Male	269	91	1.62	(1.15 to 2.82)	0.006
Age (years)	>11	275	56	1
	6–11	278	78	1.38	(0.94 to 2.02)	0.100
	<6	80	33	2.03	(1.23 to 3.33)	0.005
Country of birth	Western Europe	437	134	1
	Eastern Europe	88	14	0.52	(0.29 to 0.94)	0.031
	Asia, Africa, America and Middle East	108	19	0.57	(0.34 to 0.97)	0.038
Mother's country of birth	Western Europe	258	94	1
	Eastern Europe	98	19	0.53	(0.31 to 0.92)	0.023
	Asia, Africa, America and Middle East	277	54	0.54	(0.37 to 0.78)	0.001
Country of residence	Northern Europe	30	1 (3.3%)	1
	Southern Europe	122	59 (32.5%)	14.51	(1.93 to 108.98)	0.009
	Eastern Europe	47	10 (17.5%)	6.38	(0.78 to 52.44)	0.085
	Western Europe	434	97 (18.2%)	6.71	(0.90 to 49.77)	0.063
Country of residence	Northern, Eastern and Western Europe	511	108 (17.4)	1
	Southern Europe	122	59 (32.5%)	2.29	(1.57 to 3.33)	<10−3
Date of investigation	⩽1999	178	45	1
	2000	146	48	1.30	(0.82 to 2.06)	0.265
	2001	161	44	1.08	(0.68 to 1.72)	0.744
	⩾2002	148	30	0.80	(0.48 to 1.34)	0.397
Peptic ulcer	No	589	161	1
	Yes	44	6	0.50	(0.21 to 1.19)	0.117

p Value obtained by a univariate logistic model.