Figure 4 Immunohistochemistry of intestinal muscularis whole mounts showing interleukin (IL)1β and IL6 protein expression 24 h after intestinal manipulation in rats. In normal rats, strong IL1β (A) and IL6 (C) signals are found within the dense network of resident macrophages. By contrast, IL1β (C) and IL6 (D) immunoreactivity is nearly absent after depletion and inactivation of muscularis macrophages (macrophage‐depleted and inactivated rats (DI rats)). Micrographs were taken with an original magnification of ×200. Control stainings of anti‐rabbit (E) and anti‐goat (F) secondary antibodies were performed with a false primary immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mouse.