Table 3 Prevalence of refractive errors in Asia, major population based studies.
| Year | Study and location | Population | Prevalence of refractive errors* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myopia | Hyperopia | Astigmatism | |||
| 1999 | Andhra Pradesh Eye Study, India22 | 2321, ⩾16 years | 19.4% | 9.8% | 12.9% |
| 2000 | Tanjong Pagar Survey, Singapore12 | 1232, ⩾40 years | 38.7% | 28.4% | 37.8% |
| 2002 | Sumatra Eye Study, Indonesia32 | 1043, ⩾21 years | 36.9% | 11.4% | 27.9% |
| 2003 | Shihpai Eye Study, Taiwan8 | 1361, ⩾65 years | 19.4% | 59.0% | 74.0% |
| 2004 | Tamil Nadu, India68 | 2508, ⩾40 years | 27.0% | 18.7% | 54.8% |
| 2004 | Bangladesh69 | 11 624, ⩾30 years | 22.1% | 20.6% | 32.4% |
| 2004 | Mongolia70 | 1800, ⩾40 years | 16.2% | 32.9% | 40.9% |
| 2005 | Beijing Eye Study, China19 | 4319, ⩾40 years | 22.9% | 20.0% | – |
*Definition of myopia: spherical equivalent greater than −0.5 dioptres; hyperopia: spherical equivalent more than +0.5 dioptres; and astigmatism: cylinder more than +0.5 dioptres.