Table 3 Associations with spherical equivalent (SE), anisometropia (n = 28), or aniso‐astigmatism (n = 17) of at least 1.0D, presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Factor present | Factor absent | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No/total (%) | No/total (%) | ||||
Anisometropia (SE) | |||||
Amblyopia | 15/31 (48.4) | 13/1693 (0.8) | 29.3 | 8.7 to 99.0* | <0.0001 |
Strabismus | 8/47 (17.0) | 20/1676 (1.2) | 0.8 | 0.2 to 3.4† | 0.8 |
Esotropia | 3/26 (11.5) | 20/1676 (1.2) | 0.1 | 0.02 to 1.03† | 0.054 |
Exotropia | 5/20 (25.0) | 20/1676 (1.2) | 7.7 | 1.2 to 49.8† | 0.03 |
Low birth weight | 4/92 (4.4) | 18/1374 (1.3) | 2.1 | 0.6 to 8.2‡ | 0.3 |
Multiple births | 4/47 (8.5) | 22/1509 (1.5) | 3.4 | 0.7 to 15.8§ | 0.1 |
NICU admission | 6/92 (6.5) | 19/1410 (1.4) | 3.6 | 1.1 to 12.6§ | 0.04 |
Aniso‐astigmatism | |||||
Amblyopia | 3/31 (9.7) | 14/1693 (0.8) | 8.2 | 1.4 to 46.7¶ | 0.02 |
Strabismus** | 2/47 (4.3) | 15/1676 (0.9) | 1.2 | 0.2 to 9.7†† | 0.8 |
NICU admission | 3/92 (3.3) | 11/1410 (0.8) | 4.6 | 1.2 to 17.2‡‡ | 0.02 |
Maternal age >35 years | 7/343 (2.0) | 6/1196 (0.5) | 4.0 | 1.3 to 11.9§§ | 0.03 |
Paternal age >35 years | 9/582 (1.5) | 4/907 (0.4) | 2.1 | 0.5 to 8.5¶¶ | 0.1 |
*Adjusted for worse eye refraction, multiple birth and strabismus.
†Adjusted for worse eye refraction, multiple birth and amblyopia.
‡Adjusted for multiple births.
§Adjusted for low birth weight (<2500 g).
¶Adjusted for worse eye refraction, NICU, and maternal age.
**Number of esotropic/exotropic children were too small for separate analyses.
††Adjusted for worse eye refraction, NICU, maternal age, and amblyopia.
‡‡Adjusted for maternal age.
§§Adjusted for admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
¶¶Adjusted for NICU and maternal age.
n = number of children with anisometropia (SE) or aniso‐astigmatism.
Total sample = 1724.