HopI1-mediated changes in thylakoid structure.
(A) Thylakoid grana morphology in wild-type A. thaliana, vector transformed N. benthamiana (control), and HopI1 transgenic leaves (HopI1=JJ30). Note the morphological alterations of grana stack/granal thylakoid length (a), grana height (b) and granal thylakoid thickness (c) in HopI1 transgenic leaves. Bar = 200 nm.
(B) Remodeling of A. thaliana thylakoid structure during infection with wild-type PmaES4326, but not the ΔhopI1 strain, was similar to that observed after HopI1 expression in planta. Observations were made 18 h after infection at OD600 0.3 (similar changes were seen 2 and 3 days after inoculation with OD600 0.001, see Table 2C). Bar=200 nm.