Table 2.

Structural changes in chloroplasts caused by HopI1_PmaES4326. Mean value +/− standard error is shown. P, t-test; dpi, days post inoculation; v, vector; chl, chloroplast. See Fig. 4A for the structures measured for a, b, c. Experiments in A and C were done on separate occasions and thus cannot be directly compared.

A. 16-day old A. thaliana plants
	Col	Col/HopI1	P-value
chloroplast/cell cross section	8.9±0.4 (n=15 cells)	8.7± 0.5 (n=15 cells)	0.7
starch grains/chloroplast section	2.7±0.2 (n=24 chl.)	2.4± 0.3 (n=30 chl.)	0.5
area of starch/chloroplast	47±1% (n=24 chl.)	23±3% (n=30 chl.)	0.003
length of grana (a)	382±12 nm (n=26)	335±13 nm (n=27)	0.001
height of grana (b)	167±9 nm (n=42)	187±5 nm (n=27)	0.004
Thickness of thylakoid (c)	9.3±0.4 nm (n=20)	11±0.5 nm (n=20)	0.01
B. Transiently transformed N. benthamiana, 2 dpi with A. tumefaciens at OD600=0.6.
	vector	HopI1	HopI1(QAA)	n	P-value	P-value	P-value
	pCB302-3	JJ30	JJ202		v-JJ30	v-JJ202	JJ30–JJ202
a [nm]	414±8	369±11	416±10	26	0.002	0.90	0.01
b [nm]	212±6	246±14	208±8	29	0.04	0.71	0.009
c [nm]	17.5±0.7	21.3±1.3	17.0±0.8	20	0.03	0.68	0.047
C. A. thaliana infected with ΔhopI1 PmaES4326 carrying indicated constructs at OD600=0.001, 3 dpi
ΔhopI1	+vector	+HopI1	+HopI1(QAA)	n	P-value	P-value	P-value
	pCKTR	JJ19	JJ207		v-JJ19	v-JJ207	JJ19–JJ207
a [nm]	377± 9	317±9	373±12	23	0.0002	0.77	0.002
b [nm]	99±5	124±6	105±5	28	0.001	0.34	0.001
c [nm]	9.1± 0.3	10.6±0.5	9.4±0.4	21	0.003	0.55	0.033