Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in TOHP I and II according to allocation to sodium reduction intervention or control group. Numbers are means (SDs) unless stated otherwise
| TOHP I | TOHP II* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (n=327) | Control (n=417) | P value | Intervention (n=1191) | Control (n=1191) | P value | ||
| Baseline | |||||||
| No (%) of men | 232 (71.0) | 299 (71.7) | 0.82 | 784 (65.8) | 782 (65.7) | 0.93 | |
| No (%) according to race: | |||||||
| White | 255 (78.0) | 319 (76.5) | 0.89 | 950 (79.8) | 938 (78.8) | 0.20 | |
| Black | 64 (19.6) | 87 (20.9) | 212 (17.8) | 209 (17.6) | |||
| Other | 8 (2.4) | 11 (2.6) | 29 (2.4) | 44 (3.7) | |||
| Age (year) | 43.4 (6.6) | 42.6 (6.5) | 0.074 | 43.9 (6.2) | 43.3 (6.1) | 0.015 | |
| Weight (kg) | 82.7 (14.3) | 82.8 (13.9) | 0.90 | 93.8 (14.3) | 93.5 (13.8) | 0.66 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 (3.8) | 27.1 (3.6) | 0.88 | 30.9 (3.1) | 30.9 (3.1) | 0.87 | |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 124.8 (8.5) | 125.1 (8.1) | 0.57 | 127.5 (6.6) | 127.4 (6.2) | 0.70 | |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 83.7 (2.7) | 83.9 (2.8) | 0.43 | 86.0 (1.9) | 85.9 (1.9) | 0.11 | |
| Sodium excretion (mmol/24 h) | 154.6 (59.9) | 156.4 (60.5) | 0.70 | 182.9 (78.4) | 184.5 (76.8) | 0.62 | |
| Change to end of trial | |||||||
| Change in weight (kg) | −0.2 (3.8) | 0.2 (3.9) | 0.19 | 0.7 (5.5) | 0.8 (5.7) | 0.67 | |
| Change in sodium excretion (mmol/24 h) | −55.2 (76.9) | −11.3 (77.7) | <0.0001 | −42.5 (89.0) | −9.8 (87.7) | <0.0001 | |
BMI=body mass index; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure.
*In TOHP II (a 2×2 factorial trial), participants were grouped according to whether they did or did not receive reduced sodium intervention. Hence, active sodium reduction group includes those assigned to sodium reduction alone and to sodium reduction plus weight loss, while control group includes those assigned to weight loss alone and to usual care.