Table 3.

Behaviors at baseline, post-morphine, and during withdrawal in P5-8 rats exposed to intermittent or continuous morphine. Frequency of behaviours were scored for 6 minutes at baseline (prior to drug exposure on experimental day 1), post-morphine (1 hour post-morphine on experimental day 1 for IM study, 6 hours post-pump implantation for CM study), and during withdrawal (4 hours post-morphine on experimental day 4 for IM study, 6 hours post-morphine on experimental day 4 for CM study). All data is the average ± SEM (n=5−6/group)

	Simple Movements	Quiet	Complex Movements
Normal Naive
baseline	5.5 ± 1.0	10.8 ± 1.6	1.3 ± 0.4
Post-morphine	5.9 ± 1.1	10.5 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 0.5
withdrawal	6.9 ± 0.6	9.5 ± 0.7	1.5 ± 0.3
Intermittent Saline
baseline	7.8 ± 0.7	15.3 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.4
Post-morphine	10.7 ± 2.7	11.3 ± 2.1	0.8 ± 0.5
withdrawal	7.9 ± 1.7	9.0 ± 2.4	2.6 ± 1.0
0.5 mg/kg morphine
baseline	8.3 ± 1.3	14.3 ± 1.1	0.7 ± 0.4
Post-morphine	1.9 ± 0.5^ααα,^***	21.3 ± 0.9^ααα,^***	0.0 ± 0.0
withdrawal	8.4 ± 2.0	5.8 ± 2.4	7.9 ± 1.5^α,^*
1 mg/kg morphine
baseline	8.1 ± 1.2	13.0 ± 1.4	1.2 ± 0.6
Post-morphine	0.6 ± 0.3 ^ααα,^***	23.0 ± 0.5^ααα,^***	0.0 ± 0.0
withdrawal	16.2 ± 1.8^α,^*	3.8 ± 1.6^α	8.1 ± 1.1^α,^*
Incision alone
Baseline	7.4 ± 1.4	15.5 ± 1.6	2.3 ± 0.8
Post-morphine	6.6 ± 0.7	16.1 ± 1.1^α	1.5 ± 0.5
Withdrawal	9.4 ± 1.2	14.0 ± 1.5	2.3 ± 0.7
Saline Pump
Baseline	7.4 ± 1.1	15.7 ± 1.4	1.4 ± 0.3
Post-morphine	7.8 ± 0.5	14.7 ± 1.3	1.4 ± 0.3
Withdrawal	12.0 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.5
0.044 mg/kg/h (1.06 mg/kg/day) morphine
Baseline	7.1 ± 0.6	14.7 ± 1.6	2.5 ± 0.7
Post-morphine	7.8 ± 0.7	15.8 ± 0.8^α	1.1 ± 0.3
Withdrawal	11.3 ± 0.8	12.0 ± 2.1	3.2 ± 0.5
0.175 mg/kg/h (4.2 mg/kg/day) morphine
Baseline	5.3 ± 0.5	16.2 ± 1.9	2.3 ± 0.5
Post-morphine	7.8 ± 0.5	15.2 ± 0.7^α	1.6 ± 0.3
Withdrawal	10.8 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 0.8^α
0.7 mg/kg/h (16.8 mg/kg/day) morphine
Baseline	7.8 ± 1.1	14.7 ± 1.6	2.6 ± 0.6
Post-morphine	4.5 ± 0.7	17.7 ± 1.3^ααα	0.5 ±0.2
Withdrawal	10.3 ± 0.8	12.7 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.2
1.4 mg/kg/h (33.6 mg/kg/day) morphine
Baseline	10.6 ± 2.6	13.8 ± 3.3	2.8 ± 1.5
Post-morphine	3.3 ± 0.5	20.5 ± 0.6^ααα,^**	0.8 ± 0.5
Withdrawal	5.3 ± 0.6	12.3 ± 2.1	6.6 ± 1.7^αα,⁺,^**

^{α, αα,ααα}

p<0.05, 0.01, 0.001 compared to time matched normal naïve rats.

^*,**,***

p<0.05, 0.01, 0.001 compared to time matched saline injected/infused animals.

⁺

p<0.05 from time matched incision (no pump) controls.