Table 2.

ANCOVA comparison of mRNA levels in three regions of the brain between groups of foxes.

	Num	HBA			HBB			HBE			HEBP1
Effect	DF	DF	F ratio		DF	F ratio		DF	F ratio		DF	F ratio
Origin	3	46	3.0	*	46	4.2	*	46	5.1	**	46	3.1	*
Contrasts
1) S vs NS	1	46	4.1	*	46	10.4	**	46	8.7	**	46	5.6	*
2) C vs Par	1	46	0.3		46	2.4		46	0.2		46	0.8
3) W vs F	1	46	3.8		46	0.0		46	7.8	**	46	2.2
PCR Plate	1	89	231.6	***	90	66.2	***	88	10.5	**	89	21.8	***
Region	2	89	6.9	**	90	3.1	*	88	1.2		89	8.8	***
Origin*Region	6	89	0.6		90	1.0		88	1.1		89	1.4
Ref. gene	1	89	131.3	***	90	122.8	***	88	24.9	***	89	156.4	***

For each gene the F-ratio is listed together with the corresponding degrees of freedom (DF) for the denominator. Statistical significance is marked with asterisk (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). The estimated differences in mRNA levels corresponding to the three contrasts are listed in table 3.