Table 1.

Anticipatory activations detected by linear contrasts between cues signaling differing reward probabilities

Linear contrast:	Region	Talairach Coordinates:			t-value:	uncorrected p*
Nonresponse conditions
P = 1.0 vs P = 0	No activation
P =1.0 vs P = 0.5	Mesial frontal lobe	−3	46	−7	4.017	<.0001
P = 0.5 vs P = 0	No activation
Response conditions
P = 1.0 vs P = 0	L Precentral gyrus	−26	−11	58	6.320	<.000001
	L Postcentral gyrus	−30	−30	48	6.135	<.000001
	L Cingulate motor area	−8	−11	48	5.216	<.000001
	R Postcentral gyrus	30	−34	48	5.053	<.000001
		45	−19	39	4.541	<.00001
	R Precentral gyrus	23	−15	63	4.346	<.0001
	L Superior parietal lobe	−26	−41	63	4.876	<.00001
	L Inferior parietal lobe	−53	−34	24	4.130	<.0001
	L Middle frontal gyrus	−30	34	29	4.384	<.0001
	L Insula	−34	−4	5	4.545	<.00001
	R Insula	49	4	5	4.041	<.0001
	L Nucleus accumbens	−11	8	−4	5.096	<.000001
	R Putamen (rostral)	30	4	0	4.658	<.00001
	(caudal)	26	−19	0	4.267	<.0001
	L dorsal thalamus	−8	−19	5	4.019	<.0001
	Cerebellar vermis	0	−60	−9	4.420	<.00001
P =1.0 vs P = 0.5	Mesial frontal lobe	−2	50	5	4.619	<.00001
	R superior temporal lobe	48	−19	9	5.040	<.000001
P = 0.5 vs P = 0	L Precentral gyrus	−34	−23	48	5.035	<.000001
	L Cingulate motor area	−11	8	29	4.683	<.00001
	R Superior parietal lobe	26	−49	39	4.273	<.0001
	L Inferior parietal lobe	−45	−45	39	4.882	<.00001
	R Middle frontal gyrus	15	4	48	4.312	<.0001
	L Insula	−30	8	10	4.158	<.0001
	R Putamen (rostral)	15	11	−1	5.244	<.000001
	L Putamen (rostral)	−15	8	−1	6.660	<.000001
	L red nucleus	−4	−23	−4	4.130	<.0001
	Cerebellar vermis	4	−56	−14	4.495	<.00001

^*Voxel coordinates listed in tables were the peak of a contiguous cluster sufficient to obtain a family-wise corrected type I error rate of p < 0.05 using Monte Carlo simulation.