Table 1.

Variables in three recent studies of apoptotic cells induced by photoprovocation

	Reefman et al. [1]	Kuhn et al. [11]	Jannsens et al. [12]
Patients	SLE	DLE, SCLE, TLE	DLE, SCLE, SLE
Photosensitive	6/15	All	All
Treatment	Steroids, azathioprine	No steroids	3/22 steroids
Controls	Healthy	SLE, healthy	Healthy
UV	UVB, 2MEDs	UVA or UVB, 1.5 MED	UVB, 6 MEDs
Site	Buttock	Upper back	Buttock
Frequency	Once	Three times	Once
Apoptosis detection	Sunburn cells, casp3	ISNT, TUNEL, casp3	Casp3
Time analyzed (days)	3, 10	1, 3 and up to 28	1, 2, 3

Casp3, activated caspase 3; DLE, discoid lupus erythematosus; ISNT, in situ nick translation; MED, minimal erythemal dose; SCLE, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TLE, tumid lupus erythematosus; TUNEL, in situ nick end labeling.