Table 5 Distribution of indications for long term use of acid suppressing drugs (proton pump inhibitors or histamine₂ receptor antagonists) among cases and controls.

Indication	Controls (n (%))	Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n (%))	Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (n (%))	Gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinoma (n (%))
Total	343 (100)	26 (100)	6 (100)	20 (100)
GORD	57 (17)	1 (4)	2 (33)	3 (15)
Oesophagitis	37 (11)	4 (15)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Hiatal hernia	28 (8)	6 (23)	0 (0)	2 (10)
Barrett's	3 (1)	5 (19)	0 (0)	0 (0)
All “oesophageal” indications	125 (36)	16 (62)	2 (33)	5 (25)
Gastric ulcer	9 (3)	0 (0)	1 (17)	3 (15)
Duodenal ulcer	31 (9)	4 (15)	2 (33)	5 (25)
Peptic ulcer, unspecified	36 (10)	2 (8)	0 (0)	3 (15)
All “peptic ulcer” indications	76 (22)	6 (23)	3 (50)	11 (55)
Gastritis	20 (6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)
Indigestion	9 (3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Dyspepsia	63 (18)	0 (0)	1 (17)	2 (10)
Epigastric pain	22 (6)	2 (8)	0 (0)	1 (5)
All “gastroduodenal symptom” indications	114 (33)	2 (8)	1 (17)	4 (20)
Mixed*	28 (8)	2 (8)	0 (0)	0 (0)

*Including unknown indication, prophylactic indication, or indication of mixed “oesophageal”, “peptic ulcer”, or “gastroduodenal symptom” type.

GORD, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease.