Table 1 Identification of anaerobic Gram positive bacterial isolates by conventional 16S rRNA gene sequencing, commercially available bacterial identification systems, and the Microseq 500 16S rDNA bacterial identification system.

Patient/strain no.	Patient characteristics		Conventional 16S rRNA gene sequencing	Commercially available bacterial identification systems			MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA bacterial identification system
	Sex/age*	Diagnosis		Vitek ANI	RapID ANA II	API 20A	Identity	% Difference between isolate sequences and closest match
1	M/1 m	Pseudobacteraemia	Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum/catenulatum	Unidentified	>99.9% Clostridium perfringens	92% Eubacterium lentum, 8% Actinomyces viscosus	B catenulatum	1.4
2	F/94	Pseudobacteraemia	Clostridium barati	Unidentified	99.5% C barati	68% Actinomyces israelii, 17% Bifidobacterium sp.	C barati	0
3	M/1 m	Necrotising enterocolitis	Clostridium difficile	94% C difficile	>99.9% C difficile	99.9% C difficile	C difficile	0
4	F/75	Primary bacteraemia	Clostridium disporicum	99% C barati	>99.9% C barati	94% E lentum, 3% A viscosus	Clostridium paraputrificum	3.3
5	F/77	Pseudobacteraemia	Clostridium indolis	89% Clostridium tetani	73% Clostridium limosum, 16% Clostridium novyi A, 12% C tetani	Unidentified	Clostridium innocuum	8.7
6	M/80	Pseudobacteraemia	C innocuum	61% Corynebacterium jeikeium, 37% Lactobacillus jensenii	74% C innocuum, 26% Clostridium subterminale	98% C innocuum	Eubacterium dolichum	8.0
7	F/24	Pseudobacteraemia	Clostridium orbiscindens	45% C subterminale, 39% Clostriduim histolyticum, 11% C jeikeium	67% C tetani, 19% novyi A, 12% E lentum	94% E lentum, 3% A viscosus	Ruminococcus productus	18.4
8	M/6 m	Intussusception	C paraputrificum	81% Clostridium septicum	77% C septicum, 23% C paraputrificum	80% C paraputrificum, 19% C barati	C paraputrificum	0
9	F/44	Acute cholangitis	Clostridium perfringens	99% C perfringens	>99.9% C perfringens	97% C perfringens, 3% Actinomyces naeslundii	C perfringens	0.2
10	M/54	Primary bacteraemia	Clostridium ramosum	83% C barati, 11% Lactobacillus catenaforme	>99.9% C ramosum	96% C ramosum, 3% Bifidobacterium sp.	C ramosum	0
11	F/40	Neutropenic fever	C septicum	54% C septicum, 42% C paraputrificum	>99.9% C septicum	99.9% C septicum	Clostridium tertium	2.6
12	F/45	Pseudobacteraemia	Clostridium sporosphaeroides	Unidentified	67% C tetani, 19% C novyi A, 12% E lentum	Unidentified	C sporosphaeroides	10.6
13	F/78	Pseudobacteraemia	C tertium	71% C tertium, 22% Clostridium clostridiforme	99.9% C barati	90% C tertium, 7% Bifidobacterium sp.	C tertium	0
14	F/87	Infected bed sore	Eggerthella lenta	83% C jeikeium, 7% Clostridium hastiforme, 7% C histolyticum	>99.9% E lenta	92% E lenta, 8% A viscosus	E lenta	0
15	F/85	Primary bacteraemia	Eubacterium tenue	81% Propionibacterium granulosum, 13% Actinomyces odontolyticus	96% Clostridium sordellii, 4% Clostridium bifermentans	97% A viscosus, 2% E lentum	Clostridium tenue	1.4
16	F/41	Primary bacteraemia	Lactobacillus casei/paracasei	Unidentified	Unidentified	97% Bifidobacterium sp., 3% A israelii	L casei/paracasei	0
17	M/50	Primary bacteraemia	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	50% Lactobacillus jensenii, 46% Actinomyces odontolyticus	>99.9% Lactobacillus acidophilus	63% A naeslundii, 27% Lactobacillus acidophilus/jensenii	L rhamnosus	0
18	M/70	Acute cholecystitis	Lactobacillus salivarius	Unidentified	>99.9% Propionibacterium granulosum	70% A naeslundii, 30% Bifidobacterium sp.	L salivarius	0.1
19	M/43	Acute cholangitis	Olsenella uli	81% P granulosum, 11% Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis	Unidentified	43% Gemella morbillorum, 37% Lactobacillus fermentum, 10% Propionicum/avidum	Atopobium rimae	11.1
20	F/1 m	Pseudobacteraemia	Propionibacterium acnes	99.9% P acnes	>99.9% P acnes	99.9% P acnes	P acnes	0

*In years or months (m).