Table 1 Clinical and exercise characteristics of the patients studied.
| DM (n = 22) | No DM (n = 26) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57 (9) | 54 (11) | NS |
| Women | 12 (58%) | 10 (38%) | NS |
| Height (cm) | 168 (9) | 172 (8) | NS |
| Weight (kg) | 87 (14) | 82 (14) | NS |
| SBP rest (mm Hg) | 124 (14) | 123 (19) | NS |
| Pulse pressure rest (mm Hg) | 48 (10) | 51 (18) | NS |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.6 (4.2) | 27.8 (4.8) | 0.04 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Diabetes | 22 (100%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 16 (72%) | 12 (46%) | NS |
| Smoking | 2 (9%) | 7 (27%) | NS |
| Family history of CAD | 8 (36%) | 13 (50%) | NS |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 15 (68%) | 18 (69%) | NS |
| Drugs | |||
| ACE inhibitors | 14/19 (74%) | 9 (35%) | 0.01 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 8/19 (42%) | 5 (20%) | NS |
| β blockers | 13/19 (68%) | 13 (50%) | NS |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 66 (4) | 65 (3) | NS |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.40 (0.07) | 0.35 (0.05) | 0.007 |
| LV mass index (g/m2)* | 78 (15) | 69 (11) | 0.02 |
| Exercise testing | |||
| Exercise duration (min) | 6 (2.5) | 8 (2.2) | 0.01 |
| ST changes | 5 (23%) | 5 (19%) | NS |
| Chest pain | 6 (27%) | 5 (19%) | NS |
| SBP stress (mm Hg) | 151 (21) | 155 (21) | NS |
| Pulse pressure stress (mm Hg) | 73 (19) | 79 (20) | NS |
Data are mean (SD) or number (%).
*Left ventricular (LV) mass/body surface area (square root[Ht (cm) × Wt (kg)/3600]).
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure.