Table 2 Means (proportions) of risk factors, prevalence and prevalence ratio for CHD and CVD by ethnic group for women aged 35–54*.
| Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | All South Asian† | Chinese | Black Caribbean | Black African‡ | Irish§ | General population¶ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 269 | 206 | 135 | 610 | 195 | 284 | 87 | 312 | 3056 |
| Age (years) | 43.0 | 42.6 | 43.7 | 43.0 | 44.0 | 41.4 | 47.6 | 43.5 | 42.9 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Log (cholesterol:HDL) | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 124.5 | 126.2 | 127.7 | 125.3 | 124.7 | 127.8 | 133.6 | 125.1 | 127.5 |
| Current smoker | 3% | 4% | 2% | 3% | 8% | 27% | 2 | 36% | 30% |
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.79 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 | 29.3 | 26.5 | 27.5 | 23.9 | 28.3 | 29.3 | 27.1 | 26.7 |
| SES (% manual) | 52% | 65% | 83% | 59% | 43% | 53% | 47% | 48% | 48% |
| Diabetes | 4.4% | 7.4% | 12.1% | 6.1% | 0.7% | 3.9% | 6.9% | 1.9% | 1.2% |
| CHD prevalence (doctor diagnosed MI, angina) | 0.7% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 1.5% | 0.3% | 1.6% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 2.4% |
| CHD prevalence ratio age adjusted (95% CI) | 0.77 (0.30 to 1.24) | 1.40 (0.62 to 2.18) | 0.97 (0.32 to 1.62) | 1.0 (0.65 to 1.35) | 0.16 (0 to 0.32) | 0.98 (0.51 to 1.45) | NA | 0.97 (0.52 to 1.42) | 1 |
| SMR** ICD‐9 410–414 (95% CI) age 20–74 | 158 (148 to 168) | 111 (93 to 130) | 91 (60 to 133) | 137 NA | 70 (57 to 85) | 86 (77 to 96) | 61 (37 to 94) | NA | 100 |
| CVD prevalence (CHD + stroke) | 1.3% | 2.7% | 4.6% | 2.1% | 0.3% | 1.6% | 3.5% | 1.8% | 1.9% |
| CVD prevalence ratio age adjusted (95% CI) | 0.78 (0.39 to 1.17) | 1.33 (0.70 to 1.96) | 0.93 (0.38 to 1.48) | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.31) | 0.22 (0 to 0.53) | 0.83 (0.46 to 1.20) | NA | 0.98 (0.61 to 1.35) | 1 |
| SMR** ICD‐9 390–459 (95% CI) age 20–74 | 149 (135 to 164) | 122 (108 to 137) | 107 (81 to 138) | 137 (NA) | 61 (53 to 70) | 137 (128 to 146) | 148 (119 to 181) | NA | 100 |
*Source: Health Survey for England—The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99 (http://www.archive.official‐documents.co.uk/document/doh/survey99/hse99.htm).
†All South Asian is a weighted mean base on population frequencies 6:3:1. This does not permit the calculation of 95% CIs around the standardised mortality ratio (SMR).
‡Data for black Africans is from the Wandsworth study. Numbers are too small to calculate meaningful prevalence ratios.
§No SMR data available for the Irish group.
¶Data for general population is from the Health Survey for England 1998.
**SMR for each sex by five‐year age group with the 1991 census data on population of England and Wales as the standard based on mortality data from the Office for National Statistics for the four‐year period 1989–1992. Source: http://hcna.radcliffe‐oxford.com/bemg.htm.
CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high density lipoprotein; ICD‐9, International classification of diseases, 9th revision; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not available; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SES, socioeconomic status.