Table 3 Retinal vessel indices and RR of CHD death, by age and sex.
| Retinal vessel index (per SD change*) | CHD death | RR of CHD death (per SD change)* | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No at risk | No of deaths | Age‐adjusted | Multivariate‐adjusted model 1† | Multivariate‐adjusted model 2‡ | Multivariate‐adjusted model 3§ | |||||
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |||
| Women ⩽75 years | 1565 | 30 | ||||||||
| Arteriolar calibre decrease | 1.1 | 0.7 to 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 to 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.0 to 3.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 2.2 | ||
| Venular calibre increase | 1.6 | 0.9 to 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.1 to 3.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 2.2 | ||
| AVR decrease | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 2.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Women >75 years | 319 | 48 | ||||||||
| Arteriolar calibre decrease | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 to 1.2 | ||
| Venular calibre increase | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 to 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.4 | ||
| AVR decrease | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Men ⩽75 years | 1210 | 55 | ||||||||
| Arteriolar calibre decrease | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.4 | ||
| Venular calibre increase | 2.0 | 1.3 to 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.2 to 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.1 to 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.1 to 1.8 | ||
| AVR decrease | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Men >75 years | 246 | 59 | ||||||||
| Arteriolar calibre decrease | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 to 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.3 | ||
| Venular calibre increase | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 to 1.3 | ||
| AVR decrease | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
In women, mean (SD) values for arteriole to venule ratio (AVR) and arteriolar and venular calibres are 0.869 (0.079), 191.8 (20.0) μm and 221.3 (20.2) μm, respectively.
In men, mean (SD) values for AVR and arteriolar and venular calibres are 0.850 (0.081), 189.1 (20.8) μm and 222.9 (20.3) μm, respectively.
*Per 1 SD decrease in mean arteriolar calibre and AVR; per 1 SD increase in mean venular calibre.
†Model 1: relative risk (RR) adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and smoking.
‡Model 2: RR adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus arteriolar and venular calibre in the same model.
§Model 3: RR adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus either venule‐adjusted arteriolar calibre or arteriole‐adjusted venular calibre.
CHD, coronary heart disease; NA, not applicable.