Table 2 Cause of death over 20 years according to the presence of angina and ischaemic change on electrocardiogram at baseline.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 5834) | No angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 545) | Angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 517) | Angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 152) | No angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 6961) | No angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 594) | Angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 681) | Angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 118) | |
| Any cause | 2537 (43.5) | 358 (65.7)*** | 325 (62.9)*** | 128 (84.2)*** | 2012 (28.9) | 285 (48.0)*** | 268 (39.4)*** | 78 (66.1)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.53 (1.37 to 1.71) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.33) | 2.47 (2.06 to 2.97) | 1.00 | 1.48 (1.30 to 1.68) | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31) | 1.99 (1.58 to 2.51) | |
| Any cardiovascular cause | 1249 (21.4) | 246 (45.1)*** | 179 (34.6)*** | 96 (63.2)*** | 916 (13.2) | 190 (32.0)*** | 141 (20.7)*** | 58 (49.2)*** |
| 1.00 | 2.02 (1.75 to 2.32) | 1.35 (1.14 to 1.59) | 3.50 (2.81 to 4.34) | 1.00 | 1.90 (1.61 to 2.23) | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.50) | 2.71 (2.06 to 3.58) | |
| Coronary heart disease | 889 (15.2) | 170 (31.2)*** | 145 (28.0)*** | 77 (50.7)*** | 543 (7.8) | 104 (17.5)*** | 83 (12.2)*** | 38 (32.2)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.97 (1.67 to 2.34) | 1.54 (1.28 to 1.84) | 3.82 (2.99 to 4.88) | 1.00 | 1.78 (1.43 to 2.21) | 1.23 (0.97 to 1.57) | 2.92 (2.07 to 4.18) | |
| Myocardial infarction | 730 (12.5) | 143 (26.2)*** | 112 (21.7)*** | 65 (42.8)*** | 462 (6.6) | 82 (13.8)*** | 73 (10.7)*** | 33 (28.0)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.99 (1.65 to 2.39) | 1.44 (1.17 to 1.77) | 3.84 (2.94 to 5.02) | 1.00 | 1.64 (1.29 to 2.10) | 1.28 (0.99 to 1.65) | 2.98 (2.05 to 4.32) | |
| Heart failure | 34 (0.6) | 7 (1.3) | 5 (1.0) | 2 (1.3) | 26 (0.4) | 10 (1.7)*** | 6 (0.9) | 3 (2.5)* |
| 1.00 | 2.56 (1.11 to 5.91) | 1.67 (0.63 to 4.42) | 3.72 (0.86 to 16.13) | 1.00 | 3.55 (1.66 to 7.58) | 1.82 (0.73 to 4.52) | 4.68 (1.32 to 16.52) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.4)** | 0 (0) |
| 1.00 | — | — | — | 1.00 | — | — | — | |
| Stroke | 232 (4.0) | 48 (8.8)*** | 14 (2.5) | 8 (5.3) | 277 (4.0) | 58 (9.8)*** | 38 (5.6)* | 14 (11.9)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.99 (1.45 to 2.75) | 0.56 (0.32 to 0.97) | 1.60 (0.78 to 3.29) | 1.00 | 1.86 (1.39 to 2.50) | 1.17 (0.83 to 1.65) | 2.25 (1.29 to 3.92) | |
| Aortic aneurysm | 26 (0.4) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | 7 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| 1.00 | 1.89 (0.71 to 5.04) | 0.69 (0.16 to 3.02) | 2.12 (0.27 to 16.40) | 1.00 | — | 1.19 (0.14 to 10.03) | — | |
| Venous thromboembolism | 17 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | 12 (0.2) | 4 (0.7)* | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) |
| 1.00 | 1.47 (0.33 to 6.51) | 1.34 (0.30 to 6.06) | 3.51 (0.43 to 28.88) | 1.00 | 2.49 (0.76 to 8.19) | — | — | |
ECG, electrocardiogram.
Values are n (%) or adjusted HR (95% CI).
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 for the proportion of deaths in each group compared with the group with no angina and no ischaemic changes on ECG.