Table 4 Cardiovascular events (death or hospital admission) over 20 years, according to the presence of angina and ischaemic changes on electrocardiogram at baseline.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 5834) | No angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 545) | Angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 517) | Angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 152) | No angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 6961) | No angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 594) | Angina, no ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 681) | Angina, ischaemic changes on ECG (n = 118) | |
| Any cardiovascular cause | 2421 (41.5) | 345 (63.3)*** | 294 (56.9)*** | 118 (77.6)*** | 2046 (29.4) | 292 (49.2)*** | 285 (41.9)*** | 82 (69.5)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.79 (1.55 to 1.95) | 1.37 (1.21 to 1.56) | 2.88 (2.34 to 3.49) | 1.00 | 1.57 (1.38 to 1.78) | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.48) | 2.56 (2.04 to 3.21) | |
| Coronary heart disease | 1392 (23.9) | 224 (41.1)*** | 205 (39.7)*** | 91 (59.9)*** | 913 (13.1) | 155 (26.1)*** | 158 (23.2)*** | 48 (40.7)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.89 (1.64 to 2.19) | 1.59 (1.37 to 1.86) | 3.33 (2.66 to 4.16) | 1.00 | 1.79 (1.50 to 2.13) | 1.52 (1.28 to 1.81) | 2.46 (1.82 to 3.33) | |
| Myocardial infarction | 1128 (19.3) | 186 (34.1)*** | 154 (29.8)*** | 80 (52.6)*** | 710 (10.2) | 117 (19.7)*** | 124 (18.2)*** | 39 (33.1)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.85 (1.56 to 2.17) | 1.44 (1.21 to 1.72) | 3.60 (2.83 to 4.57) | 1.00 | 1.68 (1.37 to 2.06) | 1.52 (1.24 to 1.85) | 2.57 (1.84 to 3.59) | |
| Heart failure | 243 (4.2) | 42 (7.7)*** | 36 (7.0)** | 16 (10.5)*** | 192 (2.8) | 57 (9.6)*** | 50 (7.2)*** | 15 (12.7)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.98 (1.42 to 2.77) | 1.39 (0.96 to 2.00) | 3.52 (2.08 to 5.93) | 1.00 | 2.90 (2.13 to 3.94) | 2.06 (1.49 to 2.85) | 4.02 (2.34 to 6.92) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 61 (1.0) | 7 (1.3) | 12 (2.3)** | 0 (0) | 65 (0.9) | 12 (2.0)* | 23 (3.4)*** | 1 (0.8) |
| 1.00 | 1.48 (0.69 to 3.28) | 2.21 (1.14 to 4.28) | — | 1.00 | 2.04 (1.08 to 3.84) | 3.39 (2.07 to 5.57) | 0.99 (0.14 to 7.29) | |
| Stroke | 473 (8.1) | 74 (13.6)*** | 40 (7.7) | 15 (9.9) | 523 (7.5) | 85 (14.3)*** | 75 (11.0)** | 22 (18.6)*** |
| 1.00 | 1.67 (1.30 to 2.15) | 0.83 (0.59 to 1.16) | 1.72 (1.02 to 2.91) | 1.00 | 1.52 (1.19 to 1.93) | 1.27 (0.99 to 1.63) | 2.25 (1.45 to 3.49) | |
| Aortic aneurysm | 67 (1.1) | 9 (1.7) | 5 (1.0) | 4 (2.6) | 19 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.8) |
| 1.00 | 1.55 (0.76 to 3.16) | 0.77 (0.30 to 1.97) | 3.76 (1.32 to 10.75) | 1.00 | — | 0.97 (0.22 to 4.30) | 3.66 (0.47 to 28.42) | |
| Venous thromboembolism | 115 (2.0) | 12 (2.2) | 10 (1.9) | 3 (2.0) | 77 (1.1) | 9 (1.5) | 11 (1.6) | 1 (0.8) |
| 1.00 | 1.40 (0.76 to 2.56) | 1.05 (0.54 to 2.04) | 1.81 (0.56 to 5.82) | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.65 to 2.66) | 1.02 (0.52 to 2.00) | 0.69 (0.09 to 5.03) | |
ECG, electrocardiogram.
Values are n (%) or adjusted HR (95% CI).
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 for the proportion of events in each group compared with the group with no angina and no ischaemic changes on ECG.