. 2006 Jul;92(Suppl 4):iv6–iv14. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.078790

Table 2 Pathological and physiological conditions in which late sodium current is increased.

Acquired pathological conditions

1. Hypoxia³²

2. Ischaemic metabolites (amphiphiles)^{33 34}

3. Oxygen free radicals³⁵

4. Heart failure (human and dog myocytes)^{30 36 37}

5. Post-myocardial infarction “remodelled” myocytes³⁸

Physiological conditions

6. Rat fetal ventricular myocytes³⁹

7. Purkinje fibres and M cells from canine hearts²⁷

8. Myocytes from subendocardium and epicardium of guinea pig hearts^{2 40}