Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy.
| Characteristics mean (SD) or n (%) | Preserved, n = 3023 | Reduced, n = 4576 | Overall, n = 7599 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECG LVH n = 444 (14.7%) | Other ECG abnormal n = 2045 (67.6%) | Normal n = 534 (17.7%) | ECG LVH n = 748 (16.3%) | Other ECG abnormal n = 3614 (79.0%) | Normal n = 214 (4.7%) | ECG LVH n = 1192 (15.7%) | Other ECG abnormal n = 5659 (74.5%) | Normal n = 748 (9.8%) | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 66.6 (11.3) | 67.3 (11.0) | 64.3 (11.0) | 63.4 (11.2) | 65.1 (10.8) | 62.7 (12.3) | 64.6 (11.4) | 65.9 (10.9) | 63.8 (11.4) |
| Women | 186 (41.9) | 769 (37.6) | 257 (48.1) | 192 (25.7) | 922 (25.5) | 74 (34.6) | 378 (31.7) | 1691 (29.9) | 331 (44.3) |
| Black ethnicity | 36 (8.1) | 79 (3.9) | 11 (2.1) | 54 (7.2) | 136 (3.8) | 10 (4.7) | 90 (7.6) | 215 (3.8) | 21 (2.8) |
| Weight (kg) | 79.1 (17.9) | 83.0 (18.9) | 84.3 (19.7) | 78.0 (17.7) | 81.2 (17.5) | 84.0 (18.6) | 78.4 (17.7) | 81.9 (18.0) | 84.2 (19.4) |
| Medical history | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 360 (81.1) | 1257 (61.5) | 326 (61.0) | 461 (61.6) | 1677 (46.4) | 105 (49.1) | 821 (68.9) | 2934 (51.8) | 431 (57.6) |
| Treated hypertension | 334 (75.2) | 1114 (54.5) | 291 (54.5) | 410 (54.8) | 1433 (39.7) | 92 (43.0) | 744 (62.4) | 2547 (45.0) | 383 (51.2) |
| Stroke | 37 (8.3) | 194 (9.5) | 37 (6.9) | 65 (8.7) | 307 (8.5) | 23 (10.7) | 102 (8.6) | 501 (8.9) | 60 (8.0) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 143 (32.2) | 665 (32.5) | 73 (13.7) | 180 (24.1) | 992 (27.4) | 30 (14.0) | 323 (27.1) | 1657 (29.3) | 103 (13.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 118 (26.6) | 606 (29.6) | 133 (24.9) | 212 (28.3) | 1031 (28.5) | 63 (29.4) | 330 (27.7) | 1637 (28.9) | 196 (26.2) |
| Myocardial infarction | 166 (37.4) | 1016 (49.7) | 158 (29.6) | 329 (44.0) | 2251 (62.3) | 84 (39.3) | 495 (41.5) | 3267 (57.7) | 242 (32.4) |
| Aortic regurgitation | 28 (6.3) | 84 (4.1) | 15 (2.8) | 47 (6.3) | 106 (2.9) | 3 (1.4) | 75 (6.3) | 190 (3.4) | 18 (2.4) |
| Mitral regurgitation | 84 (18.9) | 334 (16.3) | 36 (6.7) | 192 (25.7) | 671 (18.6) | 25 (11.7) | 276 (23.2) | 1005 (17.8) | 61 (8.2) |
| Previous HF admission | 344 (77.5) | 1383 (67.6) | 349 (65.4) | 574 (76.7) | 2613 (72.3) | 163 (76.2) | 918 (77.0) | 3996 (70.6) | 512 (68.4) |
| Severity markers | |||||||||
| Ejection fraction | 54 (9.6) | 53 (9.2) | 56 (9.5) | 28 (7.6) | 29 (7.5) | 32 (6.8) | 38 (15.1) | 38 (14.4) | 49 (14.2) |
| Cardiomegaly | 106 (23.9) | 329 (16.1) | 59 (11.0) | 242 (32.4) | 893 (24.7) | 38 (17.8) | 348 (29.2) | 1222 (21.6) | 97 (13.0) |
| NYHA class | |||||||||
| II | 266 (59.9) | 1199 (58.6) | 371 (69.5) | 272 (36.4) | 1227 (34.0) | 81 (37.9) | 538 (45.1) | 2426 (42.9) | 452 (60.4) |
| III | 170 (38.3) | 810 (39.6) | 160 (30.0) | 456 (61.0) | 2259 (62.5) | 130 (60.7) | 626 (52.5) | 3069 (54.2) | 290 (38.8) |
| IV | 8 (1.8) | 36 (1.8) | 3 (0.6) | 20 (2.7) | 128 (3.5) | 3 (1.4) | 28 (2.3) | 164 (2.9) | 6 (0.8) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 141.9 (18.7) | 134.4 (18.1) | 137.9 (18.5) | 130.8 (19.2) | 126.3 (18.5) | 134.0 (20.5) | 135.0 (19.7) | 129.2 (18.8) | 136.8 (19.2) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 80.2 (10.9) | 77.0 (10.6) | 78.9 (10.5) | 77.5 (10.8) | 75.3 (10.7) | 78.6 (10.7) | 78.5 (10.9) | 76.0 (10.7) | 78.8 (10.5) |
| Dependent oedema | 134 (30.2) | 605 (29.6) | 96 (18.0) | 160 (21.4) | 817 (22.6) | 42 (19.6) | 294 (24.7) | 1422 (25.1) | 138 (18.4) |
| Venous congestion | 166 (37.4) | 750 (36.7) | 150 (28.1) | 270 (36.1) | 1203 (33.3) | 69 (32.2) | 436 (36.6) | 1953 (34.5) | 219 (29.3) |
| S3 gallop | 25 (5.6) | 117 (5.7) | 20 (3.7) | 155 (20.7) | 597 (16.5) | 20 (9.3) | 180 (15.1) | 714 (12.6) | 40 (5.3) |
| Pulmonary crepitations | 65 (14.6) | 358 (17.5) | 67 (12.5) | 116 (15.5) | 596 (16.5) | 30 (14.0) | 181 (15.2) | 954 (16.9) | 97 (13.0) |
| Concomitant treatment | |||||||||
| β‐Blockers | 266 (59.9) | 1117 (54.6) | 301 (56.4) | 416 (55.6) | 1978 (54.7) | 125 (58.4) | 682 (57.2) | 3095 (54.7) | 426 (57.0) |
| Digoxin | 159 (35.8) | 622 (30.4) | 61 (11.4) | 395 (52.8) | 1937 (53.6) | 80 (37.4) | 554 (46.5) | 2559 (45.2) | 141 (18.9) |
| Spironolactone | 45 (10.1) | 261 (12.8) | 46 (8.6) | 159 (21.3) | 732 (20.3) | 29 (13.6) | 204 (17.1) | 993 (17.5) | 75 (10.0) |
| Other vasodilators | 209 (47.1) | 771 (37.7) | 180 (33.7) | 308 (41.2) | 1428 (39.5) | 68 (31.8) | 517 (43.4) | 2199 (38.9) | 248 (33.2) |
| Loop diuretics | 314 (70.7) | 1301 (63.6) | 292 (54.7) | 514 (68.7) | 2446 (67.7) | 147 (68.7) | 828 (69.5) | 3747 (66.2) | 439 (58.7) |
BP, blood pressure; ECG LVH, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy; HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association.