Table 5.

PIML mean and internal consistency differences between educational settings and genders

	Educational type			Gender
Measures	Regular	Special	p-value	Male	Female	p-value
Mean differences:
Parent attachment
Total	43.2	40.4	0.007	42.5	41.7	ns
Trust	36.3	35.3	ns	36.2	35.6	0.021
Communication	16.0	15.8	ns	15.9	16.1	ns
Alienation	9.2	10.7	>0.001	9.6	10.0	ns
Peer attachment
Total	40.7	34.9	>0.001	36.9	41.1	0.003
Trust	40.5	38.6	0.022	39.1	40.9	ns
Communication	14.7	13.9	ns	13.5	15.6	0.000
Alienation	11.2	13.8	>0.001	12.1	12.1	ns
Delinquency	3.3	3.8	>0.001	3.6	3.3	ns
Cronbach’s alpha differences:
Parent attachment
Total	0.88(0.28)	0.85(0.25)		0.85(0.25)	0.88(0.30)
Trust	0.86(0.40)	0.87(0.41)		0.84(0.36)	0.89(0.46)
Communication	0.76(0.39)	0.76(0.39)		0.75(0.37)	0.78(0.41)
Alienation	0.66(0.28)	0.58(0.21)		0.64(0.26)	0.65(0.27)
Peer attachment
Total	0.92(0.30)	0.92(0.28)		0.91(0.28)	0.93(0.32)
Trust	0.89(0.41)	0.91(0.47)		0.90(0.43)	0.90(0.44)
Communication	0.80(0.44)	0.80(0.44)		0.79(0.43)	0.78(0.41)
Alienation	0.64(0.22)	0.70(0.26)		0.68(0.25)	0.72(0.28)
Delinquency	0.61(0.42)	0.65(0.38)		0.59(0.33)	0.76(0.59)

Notes. Parenthetical values are the mean interitem correlation (provided because Cronbach’s alpha is heavily weighted by the number of items in a measure).