TABLE 1.

Model parameters and variables

Symbol	Meaning	Value used in this study	Property or definition
kBT	Thermal energy	4.05 10−21 J
κ	Bending modulus	6.1 10−26 J m
Lp	Persistence length,	15 μm
e1, e3	Constant unit orthogonal vectors defining the reference plane for bending.
L	Filament length	0.2–10 μm
a, a	End-to-end distance, end-to-end vector	0.2–1.5 μm	a = ae1
s	Arclength distance measured along the filament centerline
r(s)	Point position along the filament at arclength s		r(L) = r(0)+ ae1
x(s), z(s)	Horizontal and vertical coordinates of r(s)
d3(s)	Unit vector tangent to the filament centerline at s
θ(s)	Angle between d3(s) and the horizontal axis at s
	Buckling force
N	Normalized force