. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Neurosci Res. 2006 Dec;6(5):283–292. doi: 10.1016/j.cnr.2006.09.007

Table 1.

Summary of immune cells and their roles in inflammation.

Cell Type	Type of Immunity	Pro-inflammatory molecules	Mediators of cell injury/death	Pro-regeneration/wound healing events
Neutrophils	Innate ⁽⁴¹⁾	Express receptors for various chemokines and cytokines, MMP-9 ⁽²³⁾	Produce metalloproteinases ⁽²³⁾, reactive oxygen and nitrosyl radicals ⁽⁶⁴⁾, neutrophil elastase ⁽¹⁹⁾	Phagocytosis
Dendritic cells	Innate and adaptive ⁽³⁴⁾	Produce TNF-agr;, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, 1L-18, IFN-γ ⁽³⁴⁾	Function as antigen presenting cells	Production of neurotrophin-3 ⁽⁴⁷⁾
Monocytes/Macrophages	Innate ⁽⁴¹⁾	Produce TNF-agr;, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, 1L-18 ⁽³⁴⁾	Produce reactive oxygen species and nitrosyl radicals ⁽¹⁷⁾	Phagocytosis, production of trophic factors, IL-10, TGF-β ⁽⁴¹⁾
Microglia/Macrophages	Innate and adaptive ⁽⁴¹⁾	Produce TNF-agr;, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, 1L-18 ⁽³⁴⁾	Function as antigen presenting cells; produce reactive oxygen species and nitrosyl radicals ⁽¹⁷⁾	Phagocytosis, production of trophic factors, IL-10, TGF-β ⁽⁴¹⁾
B-Lymphocytes	Adaptive ⁽⁴¹⁾	Express receptors for various chemokines and cytokines ⁽⁴¹⁾	Produce antibodies	Unknown
T-Lymphocytes	Adaptive ⁽⁴¹⁾	Express receptors for various chemokines and cytokines, IFN-γ, TGF-β ⁽⁴¹⁾	Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines ⁽⁴¹⁾	Production of trophic factors, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 ⁽⁴¹⁾

Abbreviations: matrix metalloproteinase-9 - MMP-9; tumor necrosis factor-alpha - TNF-agr;; interleukin - IL; interferon-gamma - IFN-γ; transforming growth factor-beta - TGF-β;