TABLE 3.
Substance Use by Mothers and Fathers of the Children with FASD and Randomly-selected Controls: Wave III.
| Variable | Mothers Of Control With FASD1 (n = 61) | Mothers Of Children Children (n = 133) | P, OR | Statistical Test | (95% CI)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current drinker in last year (%) | 61.0 | 26.9 | p<0.001a, OR = 4.25 | x2 = 20.11 | (2.10 - 8.66) |
| Current use of alcohol, whole sample, | |||||
| last week - mean (SD) | 3.2 (7.1) | 1.1 (4.2) | 0.013b | F = 6.23 | |
| weekend - mean (SD) | 3.1 (6.8) | 0.7 (3.1) | 0.001b | F = 10.07 | |
| weekend (% of all drinks) | 96.8 | 72.7 | NS (0.587)c | x2 = 0.30 | |
| Current use of alcohol, drinkers only | |||||
| last week - mean (SD) | 7.5 (9.4) | 8.9 (8.5) | NS (0.636)b | F = 0.23 | |
| weekend - mean (SD) | 7.2 (8.9) | 6.5 (6.8) | NS (0.806)b | F = 0.06 | |
| weekend (% of all drinks) | 96.0 | 73.0 | NS (0.238)c | x2 = 1.39 | |
| Drinking before index pregnancy (%) | 92.3 | 25.6 | p<0.001a, OR = 34.94 | x2 = 78.00 | (12.0 - 1109.3) |
| Drank during index pregnancy (%) | 95.5 | 24.2 | P<0.001a, OR = 65.63 | x2 = 89.40 | (17.9 - 285.1) |
| Drank during index trimester (%) | |||||
| 1st | 93.9 | 23.3 | p<0.001a, OR = 51.00 | x2 = 88.40 | (15.9 - 181.9) |
| 2nd | 83.6 | 16.5 | p<0.001a, OR = 25.69 | x2 = 84.17 | (10.8 - 62.3) |
| 3rd | 79.1 | 15.8 | p<0.001a, OR = 20.19 | x2 = 76.62 | (8.9 - 46.6) |
| Current smoker, whole sample (%) | 75.8 | 35.6 | p<0.001a, OR = 5.65 | x2 = 28.39 | (2.85 - 11.7) |
| Quantity of tobacco used per week (mean grams) | |||||
| Whole sample | 28.9 (37.5) | 10.8(19.9) | p<0.001a | F =18.77 | |
| Smokers only | 38.5 (38.8) | 33.4 (21.9) | NS (0.456)a | F = 0.56 | |
| Smoked during index pregnancy (%) | 83.8 | 35.3 | p<0.001a, OR = 9.48 | x2 = 42.36 | (4.3 - 21.4) |
| Fathers | |||||
| Drank during index pregnancy (%) | 81.1 | 47.5 | p<0.001a, OR = 4.74 | x2 = 11.72 | (1.7 - 13.6) |
| Drinkers - drinks per 30 days, mean (SD) | 166.2 (211.5) | 147.7 (300.4) | NS(0.776) | F = 0.08 | |
| Fathers with drinking problems in past (%) | 13.4 | 4.8 | p<0.035a, OR = 3.05 | x2 = 4.44 | (0.9 - 10.3) |
| Fathers with current drinking problems (%) | 11.1 | 0.8 | p<0.001a, OR = 15.00 | x2 = 10.54 | (1.8 - 337.9) |
1
Mortality and mobility reduced the number of available mothers of FAS children by 10. See Methods Section text for details.
NS = not statistically significant.
a
X2 test.
b
t-test.
c
Difference of proportions test
d
95% confidence intervals calculated via the Cornfield technique.
In this part of South Africa, average hand-rolled cigarettes equal one gram of tobacco.
**
Drank “less,” the “same amount,” or “more” than use at time of interview.
***
Smoked “less,” “the same amount,” or “more” than use at time of interview