TABLE 2.

Antimicrobial gene expression in response to feeding

Antimicrobial	Tissue	No. of replicates (control, challenged)a	Median difference (n-fold) (negative difference [n-fold])b,d	95% CIc	P valued
Defensin-1	Fat body	3, 3	+1.192	1.183-1.201	0.0893
	Midgut	3, 3	+35.34	35.09-35.60	5.812E−12
Defensin 2	Fat body	4, 5	+1.005	0.9770-1.034	0.9787
	Midgut	4, 4	+5.140	4.995-5.289	2.091E−06
Lysozyme	Fat body	3, 3	0.0585 (−17.09)	0.0087-0.3938	0.0138
	Midgut	3, 3	0.6047 (−1.654)	0.0899-4.070	0.0912

^aNumbers of replicated experiments in which one tick served as a replicate.

^bThe difference (n-fold) is calculated as the ratio of normalized median values for challenged ticks to normalized median values for control ticks. Ratios of ≤1 are represented as −1/median difference (n-fold).

^c95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the experimental median difference (n-fold) data by using the population variance derived as described by Price and Bonett (36) and Bonett and Price (1).

^dResults for fed ticks were said to be significantly different from those for unfed ticks if the experimental median difference (n-fold) exceeded the upper or lower limit of the 95% confidence interval calculated for each antimicrobial population data set by using methods described by Price and Bonett (36) and Bonett and Price (1). Defensin-1 population critical limits, 0.9905 and 1.010; defensin-2 population critical limits, 0.8348 and 0.9001; lysozyme population critical limits, 0.0813 and 12.30. P values were derived from the antimicrobial population distributions as described in the appendix.