FIG. 3.

Levels of CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 increase over time. ELISA confirmed the results of the gene array and protein array analyses for CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4. Supernatants were collected from cocultures of MDM and E. cuniculi or E. intestinalis at multiple times during infection. Both Encephalitozoon spp. induced a strong chemotactic profile after approximately 24 h of infection. After this, the expression of both CCL3 (n = 6) and CCL4 (n = 6) began to decline, whereas the CCL2 levels (n = 5) remained the same after 24 h. The error bars indicate standard errors of the means. An asterisk indicates that the P value is ≤0.05.