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Exosporium-deficient spores elicit a stronger cytokine message response than spores covered with exosporium. Primary murine Mφ were exposed to the exo+ or exo− forms of the Sterne spores at an MOI of 0.2:1, and cytokine message levels were quantified 1 h after exposure by real-time PCR. The exo− spores induced a significantly higher response for IFN-β (A), IL-1β (B), TNF-α (C), and IL-6 (D). **, P ≤ 0.01; *, P ≤ 0.05.
