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Induction of apoptosis by TNF-α/ActD. SMP30+/+ (A, C, E) and SMP30−/− (B, D, F) hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hours in medium lacking (A, B) or containing 20 ng/ml of TNF-α plus 10 ng/ml of ActD (C, D) or 100 ng/ml of ActD (E, F). Apoptosis was detected by staining with both FITC-conjugated annexin V (lighter green than background) and DAPI (blue). Cells were considered apoptotic when positive for either annexin V staining, chromatin condensation, or nuclear fragmentation.
