Figure 7.

Defects in MAP18 Transgenic Arabidopsis.

(A) to (C) The root growth of wild-type (A), MAP18-overexpressing lines (B), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines (C). The root growth exhibited a pattern of left-handed skewing growth in MAP18-overexpressing lines but remained normal in MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines. Bar in (C) = 1 cm for (A) to (C).

(D) to (F) The epidermal cell files of wild-type (D), MAP18-overexpressing lines (E), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines (F) that were stained by propidium iodide (5 μg/mL). The files of the root epidermal cells exhibited a left-handed twist in MAP18-overexpressing lines. Bar in (F) = 50 μm for (D) to (F).

(G) to (I) Seedlings of the wild type (G), MAP18-overexpressing lines (H), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines (I). MAP18-overexpressing lines had shorter hypocotyls and curvier cotyledons than that of wild-type plants at the same age, while there were no significant changes in the MAP18 RNAi transgenic line. Bar in (I) = 1 cm for (G) to (I).

(J) to (L) Scanning electron microscopy images of hypocotyls of the wild type (J), MAP18-overexpressing lines (K), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines (L). Bar in (L) = 100 μm for (J) to (L).

(M) to (R) Cross and longitudinal sections of hypocotyls cells of the wild type ([M] and [P]), MAP18-overexpressing lines ([N] and [Q]), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines ([O] and [R]). Bars in (O) and (R) = 100 μm for (M) to (R).

(S) to (U) The cotyledon pavement cells of the wild type (S), MAP18-overexpressing lines (T), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines (U) that stained by propidium iodide (5 μg/mL). The cell lobes of MAP18-overexpressing lines were dramatically eliminated. In MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines, the cell lobes had much less extension, although the robe number remained the same compared with wild-type Arabidopsis. Bar in (U) = 100 μm for (S) to (U).

(V) to (X) Cross sections of cotyledon pavement cells of the wild type (V), MAP18-overexpressing lines (W), and MAP18 RNAi transgenic lines (X). Bar in (X) = 100 μm for (V) to (X).