Table 1.

Nonuniform distribution of fixed human differences in the TNF-α promoter among primate species

Test statistic	Observed value	Critical values		P
		5%	1%
Variance	0.0004881	0.0000478	0.000054	<0.001
Third-order variance	0.0004881	0.000455	0.000474	<0.001
Longest interval	0.06803	0.0574	0.0662	<0.001

Three statistical tests to assess variance of intervals, variance of third-order intervals, and the longest interval between events (fixed human differences) were performed (29). Critical values generated by using a Monte Carlo simulation that correspond to 5% and 1% statistical significance are indicated. For all three tests, the null hypothesis of uniform distribution of fixed human differences was rejected with a P value of less than 0.001.