Table 2.
Relative risks for death for the motives of intubation and other predictors among children requiring endotracheal intubation for severe falciparum malaria in Dakar, Senegal
| Indication/Variable | Patients No | Deaths (lethality %) | Crude Relative Risk § | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted Relative Risk § | 95% CI | P value |
| Deep coma a | 16 | 2 (12.5) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Status epilepticus or decorticate rigidity b | 20 | 8 (40.0) | 3.2 | 0.8 – 13.0 | 0.07 | 5.7 | 1.2 – 27.1 | 0.03 |
| Decerebrate rigidity c | 15 | 11 (73.3) | 5.9 | 1.5 – 22.2 | <0.001 | 10.7 | 2.3 – 49.5 | < 0.01 |
| Acute lung injury d | 4 | 2 (50.0) | 4.0 | 0.8 – 20.3 | 0.16 | 3.6 | 0.5 – 25.8 | 0.20 |
| Shock e | 15 | 14 (93.3) | 7.5 | 2.0 – 27.5 | <0.001 | 19.3 | 4.3 – 87.5 | <0.001 |
| Thrombocytopaenia | ||||||||
| ≥ 100,000/mm3 | 26 | 9 (34.6) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| < 100,000/mm3 | 42 | 27 (64.3) | 1.9 | 1.0 – 3.3 | 0.01 | 2.6 | 1.2 – 5.8 | 0.01 |
| Second line anticonvulsants f | ||||||||
| No | 36 | 25 (69.4) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 34 | 12 (35.3) | 0.5 | 0.3 – .8 | < 0.01 | 0.4 | 0.2 – 0.9 | 0.02 |
| Respiratory distress g | ||||||||
| No | 26 | 11 (42.3) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 44 | 26 (59.1) | 1.4 | 0.8 – 2.3 | 0.17 | |||
| Jaundice h | ||||||||
| No | 48 | 22 (45.8) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 22 | 15 (68.2) | 1.5 | 1.0 – 2.3 | 0.08 | |||
| Hypoglycaemia i§ | ||||||||
| No | 51 | 22 (43.1) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 19 | 15 (78.9) | 1.8 | 1.2 – 2.7 | < 0.01 | |||
| Severe anaemia j | ||||||||
| No | 55 | 26 (47.3) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 15 | 11 (73.3) | 1.5 | 1.0 – 2.3 | 0.07 | |||
| Abnormal bleeding h | ||||||||
| No | 62 | 30 (48.4) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 8 | 7 (87.5) | 1.8 | 1.2 – 2.6 | 0.06 | |||
| Renal failure k | ||||||||
| No | 68 | 35 (51.5) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 2 | 2 (100) | 1.9 | 1.5 – 2.5 | 0.49 | |||
| Community-acquired infections l | ||||||||
| No | 58 | 29 (50.0) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 12 | 8 (66.6) | 1.3 | 0.8 – 2.1 | 0.29 | |||
| Malnutrition m | ||||||||
| No | 44 | 28 (63.6) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 26 | 9 (34.6) | 0.5 | 0.3 – 1.0 | 0.02 | |||
| Severe hyponatremia n | ||||||||
| No | 62 | 31 (50.0) | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 1.5 | 0.9 – 2.4 | 0.18 |
Definitions : a deep coma : Glasgow coma score (GCS) ≤ 7 or Blantyre coma score (BCS) ≤ 2, no clinically evident status epilepticus, no abnormal posture ; b coma with overt cortical/diencephalic injury as witnessed by persistent clinically evident status epilepticus or flexor (decorticate) posturing; c coma with brainstem involvement as witnessed by extensor or opisthotonic (decerebrate) posturing; d severe respiratory distress with pulmonary infiltrates on X-ray with a ratio PaO2/FiO2 < 300 Torr [40.1 kPa]; e shock defined as a systolic blood pressure <60 or <80 mm Hg in children < than or > than 5 five years, respectively, in addition to the presence of perfusion abnormalities (urine output < 1 ml/kg/hr, GCS < 15, delayed capillary refill);f continuous infusions of clonazepam or thiopenthal;g sustained low chest wall recession or deep acidotic breathing; h clinical criterion; i glucose level < 2.2 mmol/L; j haemoglobin rate < 5 g/dL; k abnormal ratio creatinine/age; l septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis or dysenteric; m NCHS Growth charts definition, 1976; n sodium<125 mmo/L
§ For bivariate and multivariate analysis (n = 70), children with cardiac arrests (n = 13) and children without platelet counts (n = 2) were excluded.