Table 3.
Estimates (standard errors) of physical and mental functioning and growth curve models fitted to Whitehall II men and women: full model
| Fixed effects | Physical component scores | Mental component scores | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model I* | Model II† | Model I* | Model II† | ||
| Constant | 52.97 (0.14) | 52.98 (0.15) | 52.22 (0.16) | 52.09 (0.17) | |
| Current age (mean centred at age 56) | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.16 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) | |
| Age2 | 0.004 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.002 (0.001) | |
| Period: | |||||
| 1991-3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1995-6 | −1.55 (0.13) | −1.56 (0.13) | −0.85 (0.15) | −0.83 (0.15) | |
| 1997-9 | −1.07 (0.14) | −1.09 (0.14) | −0.44 (0.17) | −0.45 (0.17) | |
| 2001 | −1.01 (0.15) | −1.04 (0.15) | 0.68 (0.17) | −0.63 (0.17) | |
| 2002-4 | −1.74 (0.16) | −1.78 (0.16) | −0.84 (0.18) | −0.78 (0.18) | |
| Employment grade (non-retired men aged 56 in 1991-3): | |||||
| High grade | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Middle grade | −0.78 (0.13) | −0.79 (0.16) | −0.86 (0.15) | −0.70 (0.18) | |
| Low grade | −1.60 (0.20) | −1.48 (0.31) | −1.35 (0.22) | −1.81 (0.35) | |
| Sex (high grade, not retired in 1991-3): | |||||
| Men | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Women | −2.65 (0.17) | −1.96 (0.29) | −1.19 (0.18) | −1.56 (0.32) | |
| Retirement status (high grade men aged 56 in 1991-3): | |||||
| Not retired | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Retired | −0.54 (0.11) | −0.80 (0.16) | 1.17 (0.12) | 1.72 (0.19) | |
| Interactions (reference group high grade, non-retired men aged 56 in 1991-3) | |||||
| Age×period: | |||||
| 1995-6 | −0.07 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | |
| 1997-9 | −0.09 (0.02) | −0.09 (0.02) | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) | |
| 2001 | −0.10 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.17 (0.03) | |
| 2002-4 | −0.11 (0.04) | −0.11 (0.04) | 0.23 (0.04) | 0.24 (0.04) | |
| Age2×period: | |||||
| 1995-6 | −0.001 (0.002) | −0.001 (0.002) | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.003 (0.003) | |
| 1997-9 | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.002 (0.003) | −0.013 (0.003) | −0.012 (0.003) | |
| 2001 | −0.006 (0.003) | −0.006 (0.003) | −0.019 (0.003) | −0.018 (0.003) | |
| 2002-4 | −0.009 (0.003) | −0.009 (0.003) | −0.019 (0.003) | −0.019 (0.003) | |
| Age×middle grade | −0.06 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | |
| Age×low grade | −0.05 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | |
| Middle grade women | — | −0.80 (0.33) | — | 0.06 (0.37) | |
| Low grade women | — | −0.90 (0.44) | — | 1.77 (0.49) | |
| Middle grade retired | — | 0.68 (0.22) | — | −0.54 (0.26) | |
| Low grade retired | — | 0.70 (0.33) | — | −2.60 (0.38) | |
| Retired women | — | −0.40 (0.21) | — | 0.20 (0.25) | |
*Adjusts for age, period, employment grade, sex, and retirement effects, and interaction effects between age×period, and age×employment grade.
†Additionally adjusts for interaction effects between employment grade×sex, employment grade×retirement, and retirement×sex.