Table 2.

Days worked during the first 2 months of pregnancy in violation of an REI and pesticides for which an REI was in effect.

				Specific gestational days worked in violation of an REI to the given pesticideb
Mother	Estimated period of organogenesis for specific birth defect (days after fertilization)a	Total days worked in specified period of organogenesisb	Pesticides mother was potentially exposed to during maximal sensitivity period	Specific probable daysc	Specific possible daysd	Some teratogenic findings from testing of pesticide in animalse
Case 1	24–36	2–6	Mancozeb	Days 19, 32, 37, 39, 41		Limb reduction defects, cleft palate, and brachygnathia
			Copper hydroxide	Days 19, 32, 37, 39, 41		No data found
			Bacillus thuringiensis	Days 19, 32, 37, 41		No data found
			Spinosad	Days 31, 39		No teratogenicity identified
			Azadirachtin	Day 41		No data found
			Bacillus subtilis	Day 41		No data found
Case 2	14–57	21–27	Mancozeb		Days 7, 10	Limb reduction defects, cleft palate and brachygnathia
			Methamidophos	Days 10, 28	Days 7, 26, 27, 38, 39, 40	Anotia, anencephaly, paddle-shaped limbs, microphthalmia
			Abamectin		Day 7	Cleft palate
			Methylpyrrolidonef		Day 7	Cleft palate
			Copper hydroxide		Days 7, 10, 45	No data found
			Fenpropathrin		Days 7, 10, 26, 27, 28, 38, 39	No teratogenicity identified
			Chlorothalonil		Days 10, 26, 27, 28, 38, 39	No teratogenicity identified
			Esfenvalerate		Day 7	No teratogenicity identified
			Methomyl		Day 45	No teratogenicity identified
Case 3	14–59	5–11	Methamidophos	Days 22, 30, 33, 34	Days 23, 25, 26, 31	Anotia, anencephaly, paddle-shaped limbs, microphthalmia
			Abamectin		Days 24, 29	Cleft palate
			Methylpyrrolidonef		Days 24, 29	Cleft palate
			Fenpropathrin	Days 30, 33	Days 22, 24	No teratogenicity identified
			Hydrogen dioxide		Day 23	No data found
			Chlorothalonil		Day 24	No teratogenicity identified

^aBased on Moore and Persaud (2003).

^bBecause of the imprecision of the conception date, there is also imprecision in the calendar days that correspond to the maximal sensitivity period. As the window of maximal sensitivity shifts, the number of qualifying days may change. The numbers provided reflect the range of qualifying days.

^cProbable days are those days when the worker was scheduled to work in a field that had an REI that was in effect the entire day.

^dPossible days consist of days when the mother worked in a field that had an REI that was in effect for only a portion of the day. On possible days, it is conceivable that the mother did not work in the field when the REI was in effect. This would be the case if she worked only before the application occurred, or only after the REI had expired. Detailed information on the hours worked in specific fields was not available.

^eAs summarized in FLDACS (2005). “No data found” = no studies that explored the teratogenicity of the compound were identified by FLDACS. “No teratogenicity identified” = when teratogenicity studies were conducted and all were found to be negative.

^fThis chemical is included in the same pesticide product as abamectin but is not an active ingredient (i.e., it is considered an inert ingredient).